VA 

37 


UC-NRLF 


^B    71    77M 


http://www.archive.org/details/conceinformationOOunitrich 


INFORMATION  CONCERNING 

Some  of  the  Principal  Navies 
of  the  World 


A  SERIES  OF  TABLES  COMPILED  TO 
ANSWER  POPULAR  INQUIRY 


Office  of  Naval  Intelligence 
April,  1913 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1913 


INFORMATION  CONCERNING 

Some  of  the  Principal  Navies 
of  the  World 


A  SERIES  OF  TABLES  COMPILED  TO 
ANSWER  POPULAR  INQUIRY 


[^  ,5  ,  Office  of  Navcjl  Jlntelligence 

April,  1913 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFHCE 

1913 


A^ 


"b 


\ 


^^.:^ 


X 


PEEFACE. 


The  Navy  Department  is  so  frequently  in  receipt  of  letters  from 
all  parts  of  the  country  requesting  information  for  debating  societies, 
journals,  and  periodicals,  as  weU  as  individuals,  concerning  the  rela- 
tive strength  of  the  principal  naval  powers,  the  types  of  vessels 
building  or  built,  and  facts  concerning  the  type  of  battleship  popu- 
larly known  as  Breadnouglit,  that  it  has  dii-ected  the  Office  of  Naval 
Intelligence  to  prepare  tables  which  will  substantially  make  reply  to 
the  greater  part  of  such  letters. 

Under  these  instructions  the  Office  of  Naval  Intelligence  has  com- 
piled the  following  tables  from  the  best  available  data;  and  while 
these  tables  may  be  regarded  as  substantially  correct,  it  is  possible 
that  inaccuracies  may  occur,  for  the  reason  that  few  countries  besides 
the  United  States  publish  all  the  data  concerning  their  fighting 
strength,  and  even  greater  efforts  are  being  made  abroad  to  maintain 
secrecy. 

Tables  I,  II,  III,  IV,  and  V  were  compiled  April  1,  1913,  and  are 
here  reproduced. 

T.  S.  RODGERS, 

Captain,  U.  S.  Navy,  Director  of  Naval  Intelligence, 
Office  of  Naval  Intelligence, 

Navy  Department y  April ,  191S. 
(3) 


345602 


Table  I. 

BELATIVE  OBDER  OF  WABSHIP  TONNAGE. 


Present  order  (tonnage  completed). 


Nation. 


Great  Britain. 
Germany. ... 
United  States 

France 

Japan 

Russia 

Itely 

Austria 


Tonnage. 


2,  007,  247 
865,984 
763, 132 
627, 787 
471,  962 
286,  930 
224,  837 
198, 159 


As  would  be  the  case  if  vessels  now 
building  were  completed. 


Nation. 


Great  Britain. 
Germany. . .. 
United  States 

France 

Japan 

Russia 

Italy 

Austria 


Tonnage. 


2, 483,  545 
1, 133, 878 
929, 351 
807, 717 
616, 528 
595,807 
413,  882 
260,  751 


I  Estimated. 
(4) 


Table  III. 


PERSONNEL. 

[Apr.  1, 1913.) 


Hank. 


Admirals  of  the  fleet 

Admirals 

Vice  admirals 

Rear  admirals 

Captains  and  commanders. . . 

Other  line  officers 

Midshipmen  at  sea 

Engineer  officers 

Medical  officers 

Pay  officers 

Chaplains 

Warrant  officers 

Enlisted  men 

Marine  officers 

Enlisted  men  (marines) 

Total 


England. 


3 

12 

22 

55 

644 

2,473 

558 

872 

593 

685 

139 

2,675 

115, 079 

457 

•  20, 943 


145, 210 


France. 


15 

30 

360 

1,467 

60 

505 

3  390 

211 


»2,445 
55,  760 


61, 243 


Germany. 


2 
5 

12 

21 

351 

1,811 

398 

529 

322 

259 

28 

2,615 

60,920 

170 

^  5,  826 


73,269 


Japan. 


1 

7 

17 

45 

292 

1,818 

154 

683 

*368 

341 


1,520 
42,043 


47, 289 


United 

States. 


»1 


2  24 

212 

1,471 

0 


317 

221 

23 

697 

47,469 

316 

9,866 


60, 617 


I  The  Admiral  of  the  Navy. 

»  The  United  States  now  has,  temporarily,  as  extra  numbers,  due  to  promotion  for  war  service,  and  to 
officers  restricted  by  law  to  engineering  duty  only  on  shore  only  8  flag  officers,  23  captains,  6  commanders, 
10  lieutenant  commanders,  and  1  lieutenant. 

» Includes  pharmacists  and  apothecaries. 

*  Includes  pharmaceutical  officers. 

» Includes  adjutants,  premier  maltres,  and  maltres  of  all  branches. 

•  Includes  3,130  men  of  the  Coast  Guard. 
^  Marine  infantry  and  seaman  artUlery. 

(5) 


Table  IV. 


VESSELS  BUILT. 

[Apr.  1, 1913.] 


Battle- 
ships, 
Dread- 
nought 
type.i 


Battle- 
ships.* 


Battle 
cruis- 
ers.* 


Ar- 
mored 
cruis- 


Crais- 
ers.< 


De- 
stroy- 
ers. 


Tor- 
pedo 
boats. 


Subma- 
rines. 


Coast 
defense 


EnglaDd 

Germany 

United  States 

France 

Japan 

Russia 

Italy 

Austria 


16 
11 
8 
0 
2 
0 
1 
2 


40 

20 

24 

20 

13 

8 

8 

6 


34 

9 

11 

20 

13 

6 

9 

3 


74 

39 

15 

10 

14 

9 

5 

4 


•144 
118 
42 
78 
58 
98 
24 
12 


49 
9 

19 
157 
54 
14 
48 
40 


70 
26 
23 
75 
13 
31 
18 
6 


I  Battleships  having  a  main  battery  of  all  big  guns  (11  inches  or  more  in  caliber). 

•  Battleships  of  (about)  10,000  tons  or  more  displacement,  and  having  more  than  one  caliber  in  the  main 
battery. 

«  Armored  cruisers  having  gims  of  largest  caliber  in  main  battery  and  capable  of  taking  their  place  ta  line 
of  battle  with  the  battleships.  They  have  an  increase  of  speed  at  the  expense  of  carrying  fewer  guns  in 
main  battery,  and  a  decrease  in  armor  protection. 

•  Includes  all  unarmored  cruising  vessels  above  1,500  tons  displacement. 

•  Includes  smaller  battleships  and  monitors.  No  more  vessels  of  this  class  are  being  proposed  or  built  by 
the  great  powers. 

•  Includes  vessels  of  colonies. 

(6) 


Table  V. 


VESSELS  BUILDING  OB  AUTHOBIZED. 

[Apr.  1, 1913.] 


Battle- 
ships, 
Dread- 
nought 
type. 

Battle 
cruisers. 

Cruisers. 

Destroy- 
ers. 

Torpedo 
boats. 

Subma- 
rines. 

England  * 

Geftnany '.. 

United  States.... 
France 

11 
6 
5 

7 
1 
7 
7 
2 

22 
3 
0 
0 
4 
4 
0 
0 

'14 
4 
0 
0 
0 
2 
2 
3 

MO 

12 

14 

8 

2 

9 

11 

6 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
21 
12 

23 
20 

Japan  ^ 

2 

Russia ' 

8 

Italy 

2 

Austria 

7 

1  England  has  no  continuing  shipbuilding  policy,  but  usually  lays  down  each  year  4  or  5  armored  ships 
with  a  proportional  number  of  smaller  vessels. 

*  Includes  vessels  of  colonies. 

«  Germany  has  a  continuing  shipbuilding  program,  governed  by  a  fleet  law  authorized  by  the  Reichstag. 
For  1913  there  are  authorized  2  battleships,  1  battle  cruiser,  2  cruisers,  12  destroyers.  Eventual  strength  to 
consist  of  41  battleships,  20  armored  cruisers,  40  cruisers,  144  destroyers,  72  submarines. 

*  $4,760,000  authorized  for  experiments  and  further  construction. 

» $78,837,569  authorized  to  be  expended  from  1911  to  1917  for  the  construction  of  war  vessels. 

*  Russian  shipbuilding  program  provides  for  the  completion  by  1918  of  4  battle  cruisers,  8  small  cruisers, 
36  destroyers,  and  18  submarines  Fotu"  battle  cruisers  and  two  cruisers  have  been  contracted  for  and  are 
included  in  the  above  table. 

Note. — Vessels  undergoing  trials  are  considered  as  completed. 

The  following  vessels  are  not  included  in  the  tables :  Ships  over  20 
years  old  from  date  of  launch  unless  they  have  been  reconstructed 
and  rearmed  within  5  years;  torpedo  craft  over  15  years  old;  trans- 
ports, colliers,  repair  ships,  converted  merchant  vessels,  or  any  other 
auxiliaries;  vessels  of  less  than  1,500  tons,  except  torpedo  craft; 
torpedo  craft  of  less  than  50  tons. 

Table  V  includes  vessels  authorized  but  not  yet  laid  down,  as  well 
as  those  actually  under  construction. 

(T) 


8 

Table  VI. 

BATTLESHIPS  AND  ARMORED  CRUISERS  PRIOR  TO  THE  DREADNOUGHT 

TYPE. 

[Apr.  1, 1913.] 


GREAT  BRITAIN. 


Battleships 

Armored  cruisers. 


GERMANY. 


Battleships 

Armored  cruisers. 


T7NITED  STATES. 


Battleships . 


Armored  cruisers. 


FRANCE. 


Battleships 

Armored  cruisers. 


JAPAN. 


Battleships . 


Armored  cruisers. 


ITALY. 


Battleships . 


Armored  cruisers. 


Num- 
ber. 


40 
34 

20 
9 

24 
11 

20 
20 

13 
13 


Built.i 


Tons. 


589, 385 
406, 800 

242, 800 
94, 245 

323, 858 
149, 295 

286, 005 
201, 724 

191,  380 
138,483 

96, 100 
74,020 


Guns, 

8-inch  and 

larger. 


152  12^'' 
8  lO^'' 
52    9.2^'' 
68    9.2'''' 

40  ll^'' 
40    9.5^'' 
6    9.5^'' 
44    8.3^'' 

28  13^'' 
68  12^-^ 
136  S'' 
16  lO^'' 
32    S'' 

70  12^-^ 
10  10.  S'' 
72    9.4^-^ 
68  ''7.6''' 

52  12^'' 

32  10^'' 

6  8'' 

16  12^'' 

50  8'' 

16  12^'' 

8  10^'' 

56  8'' 

19  10'-' 

6  8'' 


1  Ships  over  20  years  old  from  date  of  launch  not  included.  *  7.6-inch,  largest  caliber  carried. 


Table  VII. 

DREADNOUGHT  TYPE  OF  BATTLESHIPS,  WITH  CONTEMPORARIES  OF 
OVER  18,000  TONS  DISPLACEMENT,  AND  ARMORED  CRUISERS  OF  INVIN- 
CIBLE TYPE  (NOW  CALLED  BATTLE  CRUISERS). 


' 

Built. 

Building. 

Number 
author- 

Num- 
ber. 

Tons. 

Guns. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tons.i 

Guns.i 

ized  up  to 

Apr.  1, 

1913,  but 

not  yet 

building 

or  ordered. 

GREAT  BRITAIN. 

Battleships 

Battlecruisers 

16 
8 

11 
3 

8 

334-,  350 
160, 800 

^36,490 
64,364 

167,  650 

J  60  13.  5'' 
[100  12^-^ 
r  16  13.  5'' 
[  48  12^'' 

r  78  12^-^ 
1  48  ll^'' 

28  IK 
80  12^'' 

1     ^^ 

1 ' 

1       ^ 
3 

5 

291, 100 
55,000 

156,  220 
81,000 

140, 000 

r60  13.  6'' 
[40  15^'' 

16  13.  5'' 

r40  14^-' 
[20  12^^ 
r20  12^-^ 
[10  IV' 

50  14^'' 

}             '^ 

GERMANY. 

Battleships 

Battlecruisers... 

UNITED  STATES. 

Battleships 

Battle  cruisers... 

1    ' 

1 
1 

FRANCE. 

Battleships 

7 

161,  884 

r30  13.  4'' 
[48  12^'' 

4 

Battle  cruisers. . 

JAPAN. 

Battleships 

2 

41,  600 

24  12^'' 

1 
4 

7 
4 

7 

30,  000 
110,  000 

158,540 
128,  000 

167, 100 

10  15^' 
32  14^'' 

84  12^-^ 
48  14^''? 

1  20  14^'' 
62  12^-^ 

Battle  cruisers. . 

RUSSIA. 

Battleships 

Battle  cruisers. . 

ITALY. 

Battleships 

Battle  cruisers. . 

1 

18,600 

12  12^^ 

AUSTRIA. 

Battleships 

Battle  cruisers. . 

2 

40,  020 

24  12^^ 

2 

40,020 

24  12^^ 

87074—13- 


1  Estimated. 
— 2 


2  Estimates  1913-14, 


10 
Table  VII — Continued. 

DBEADNOUGHT  TYPE  OF  BATTLESHIPS,  WITH  CONTEMPORARIES  OF 
OVER  18,000  TONS  DISPLACEMENT,  AND  ARMORED  CRUISERS  OF  INVIN- 
CIBLE TYPE  (NOW  CALLED  BATTLE  CRUISERS)— Continued. 


Built. 

Building. 

Number 
author- 

Num- 
ber. 

Tons. 

Guns. 

Num- 
ber. 

Tons.i 

Guns.^ 

ized  up  to 

Apr.  1, 

1913,  but 

not  yet 

building 

or  ordered. 

BRAZIL. 

Battleships 

Battle  cruisers. . 

2 

38,500 

24  12^'' 

1 

27,500 

14  12^'' 

ARGENTINA. 

Battleships 

2 

56,000 

24  12^^ 

1 

Battle  cruisers. . 

CHILE. 

Battleships 

2 

5fi.  000 

20  14^'' 

Battle  cruisers. . 

1  Estimated. 


^m 


11 

Table  VIII. 

BATTLESHIPS,  ARMORED  CRUISERS,  AND  CRUISERS  (SCOUTS)  OF  THE 
SIX  PRINCIPAL  NAVAL  POWERS,  LAUNCHED  1906-1912. 


Year. 

Bat- 
tle 
ships. 

Ton- 
nage. 

Arm- 
ored 

cruis- 
ers.! 

Ton- 
nage. 

Cruis- 
ers. 

Ton- 
nage. 

Total. 

Total 
tonnage. 

GREAT  BRITAIN. 

1906 

3 
3 
2 
2 
3 
5 
4 

•  50, 900 
55, 800 
38,500 
39, 150 
63, 000 
115,  500 
100,800 

2 

4 

29, 200 
66,  350 

5 
7 
3 
9 
8 
13 
10 

80,100 

122, 150 

41,800 

1907 

1908         

1 
6 
4 
5 
5 



3,300 
25,  920 
18, 660 
22, 620 
24,  900 

1909 

1 
1 
3 

1 

18,  750 
26,  350 
63,  950 
27,000 

83, 820 

1910 

108, 010 

1911 

202, 070 

1912            

152,700 

Total 

22 

463,  650 

12 

231,  600 

21 

95,400 

55 

790,650 

GERMANY. 
1906 

2 

25,  964 

2 

22,  832 

2 
2 
2 
3 

6,790 

6,988 

7,824 

12,  843 

6 
2 

7 
7 
2 
8 
5 

55, 586 

1907 

6,988 

1908 

4 
3 
1 
3 
2 

74, 408 
67,  320 
22,440 
72,000 
48, 220 

15, 550 
19,000 
22,  637 
22,  637 
25,000 

97,  782 

1909 

99, 163 

1910 

45, 077 

1911 

4 

2 

21,652 
9,652 

116, 289 

1912 

82,  872 

Total 

15 

310,  352 

7 

127, 656 

15 

65,  749 

37 

503,  757 

UNITED  STATES. 

1906 

1 

16,000 

2 

29,000 

3 
3 
3 
2 
1 
2 
2 

45,000 

1907 ♦.  

3 

11,  250 

11, 250 

1908 

3 

2 
1 
2 
2 

52,000 

41,  825 
21, 825 
52,000 
54, 000 

52,000 

1909 

41,  825 

1910 

21, 825 

1911 

52,000 

1912 

54,000 

' 

Total 

11 

237,650 

2 

29,000 

3 

11, 250 

16 

277,900 

i  Includes  battle  cruisers. 


12 
Table  VIII — Continued. 

BATTLESHIPS,  ARMORED  CRUISERS,  AND  CRTHSERS  (SCOUTS)  OF  THE 
SIX  PRINCIPAL  NAVAL  POWERS,  LAUNCHED  1906-1912— Continued. 


Year. 

Bat- 
tle- 
ships. 

Ton- 
nage. 

Arm- 
ored 

cruis- 
ers.^ 

Ton- 
nage. 

Cruis- 
ers. 

Ton- 
nage. 

Total. 

Total 
tonnage. 

JAPAN. 

1906 

1 
1 

19,350 
19,800 

1 
2 

13,  750 
29,200 

2 
5 

1 

33,100 
54,  380 

1907 

2 

1 

5,380 
1,350 

1908 

1,350 

1909 

1910 

1 

1 

20,800 
20,800 

...   . 

1 
4 
2 

20,800 

1911 



3 

15, 000 

35,800 

1912 

2 

55,000 

55,000 



Total 

4 

80,  750 

5 

97,950 

6 

21, 730 

15 

200,430 

FRANCE. 

1906 

1 
1 

1 

13,428 
13,  779 
13,  779 



1 
2 

1 
5 
1 
2 
2 

13, 428 

1907 

1 

14,  636 

28, 415 

1908 

13,  779 

1909 

5 

1 
2 
2 

90, 145 
18,029 
46,184 
46, 184 

90, 145 

1910 

18, 029 

1911 

46, 184 
46, 184 

1912 

Total  ... 

11 

215, 178 

3 

40,  986 

14 

279, 256 

RUSSIA. 

1906 

3 
1 

42,000 
16,600 

3 
1 

31,000 
8,000 

6 
2 

73,000 

1907 

24,  600 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

4 

92,000 

4 

92,000 

1912 

Total 

8 

150,  600 

4 

39,000 

12 

189,  600 

1  Includes  battle  cruisers. 


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Table  XI. 


TIME  REQUIRED  TO  BUILD  SOME  RECENT  BATTLESHIPS  OF  THE  FIVE 
PRINCIPAL  NAVAL  POWERS. 


Names. 


Ton- 
nage. 


Date  of 

contract  or 

order. 


Keel  laid. 


Launched. 


Commis- 
sioned. 


GREAT  BRITAIN, 

Bellerophon 

Superb 

Collingwood 

Vanguard 

Neptune 

Monarch 

Thunderer 

King  George  V 

GERMANY. 

Nassau 

Westfalen 

Posen 

Rheinland 

Helgoland 

Kaiser 

UNITED   STATES. 

South  Carolina 

Michigan 

Delaware 

North  Dakota 

Utah 

Wyoming 

FRANCE. 

Verity 

Voltaire 

Danton 

JAPAN. 

Satsuma 

Aki 

Kawachi 


18,  600 

18,  600 

19,  250 
19,  250 
19,  900 
22,  500 
22,  500 
24,  000 

18,  602 
18,  602 
18,  602 
18,  602 
22,  440 
24, 110 


16,  000 
16,  000 
20,  000 

20,  000 

21,  825 
26,  000 


14,  636 
18,  029 
18,  029 


19,  350 

19,  800 

20,  800 


Sept.,  1906 1 
Dec,  1906 
Oct.,  1907 
Mar.,  1908 
Nov.,  19081 
Dec,  1909 
Dec,  1909 
Nov.,  1910 


May,  1906 
Oct.,  1906 
Apr.,  1907 
Apr.,  1907 
July,  1908 
Sept.,  1909 


July,  1906 
July,  1906 
Aug.,  1907 
Aug.,  1907 
Nov.,  1908 
Oct.,  1909 


May,  1902 
Dec,  1906 
May,  19061 


19041 
19051 
19081 


Dec,  1906 
Feb.,  1907 
Feb.,  1908 
Apr.,  1908 
Jan.,  1909 
Apr.,  1910 
Apr.,  1910 
Jan.,  1911 


Aug.,  1907 
Aug.,  1907 
July,  1907 
July,  1907 
Dec,  1908 
Dec,  1909 


Dec,  1906 
Dec,  1906 
Nov.,  1907 
Dec,  1907 
Feb.,  1909 
Feb.,  1910 


,  1903 

June,  1907 
Jan.,  1908 


May,  1905 
Mar.,  1906 
Apr.,  1909 


July,  1907 
Nov.,  1907 
Nov.,  1908 
Feb.,  1909 
Sept.,  1909 
Mar.,  1911 
Feb.,  1911 
Oct.,  1911 


Mar.,  1908 
July,  1908 
Dec,  1908 
Sept.,  1908 
Sept.,  1909 
Mar.,  1911 


July,  1908 
May,  1908 
Feb.,  1909 
Nov.,  1908 
Dec,  1909 
May,  1911 

May,  1907 
Jan.,  1909 
July,  1909 

Nov.,  1906 
Apr.,  1907 
Oct.,  1910 


Feb.,  1909 
May,  1909 
Apr.,  1910 
Mar.,  1910 
Jan.,  1911 
Apr.,  1912 
June,  1912 
Nov.,  1912 


Oct.,  1909 
Nov.,  1909 
May,  1910 
Apr.,  1910 
Aug.,  1911 
Aug.,  1912 


Mar.,  1910 
Jan.,  1910 
Apr.,  1910 
Apr.,  1910 
Aug.,  1911 
Sept.,  1912 


Jan.,  1908 
Aug.,  1911 
Feb.,  1911 


Apr.,  1910 
Apr.,  1911 
Apr.,  1912 


Built  in  Government  dockyards. 
(17) 


Table  XII. 

BATTLESHIPS  AND  BATTLE  CRUISERS  ^  AUTHORIZED,  1907-1912. 


1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911     . 

1912 

, 

B.S. 

B.C. 

B.S. 

B.C. 

B.S. 

B.C. 

B.S. 

B.C. 

B.S. 

B.C. 

B.S. 

B.C. 

Great  Britian. . 

Germany 

United  States.. 
Japan 

3 
2 
1 
2 

1 
2 

1 
3 
2 

1 
1 

6 
3 
2 

24 
1 

4 
3 

2 

1 
1 

1 

4 
3 
2 
1 
2 

1 
1 

3 

4 
1 
1 

1 

France 

2 

33 

1  Armored  cruisers  able  to  take  position  in  line  of  battle. 
» Includes  two  authorized  by  colonies. 
8  Includes  one  to  replace  the  Liberty. 


Table 

XIII. 

NAVAL  EXPENDITURES. 

Year. 

England. 

Germany. 

United 

States. 

Japan. 

France. 

1906 

$167,  525,  238 

$58,  405,  200 

$104,  508,  719 

$19,  231,  945 

$60,  025, 405 

1907 

159,  758, 177 

69,  210,  400 

99,  693,  298 

41,  076, 145 

57,  394, 167 

1908 

160,  074,  573 

80,  229,  800 

129,  972,  971 

40,  312,  533 

58,  941,  096 

1909 

181,  936,  341 

2  97,  722,  800 

136,  935, 199 

35,  870,  061 

61,  064,  096 

1910 

206,  541, 168 

2  103,  302,  773 

131,  404,  640 

37,  542, 184 

74, 102,  439 

1911 

215,  996,  391 

1  107,  232,  000 

2  126,  405,  509 

1  42,  944,  329 

2  80,  371, 109 

1912 

1228,430,064 

1  110,  715,  043 

2  123, 151,  539 

1  46, 158,  216 

2  81,  692,  832 

1913 

1  235,  213,  489 

1  111,  288,  618 

140,  800,  643 

1  89,  028,  626 

1  Estim 

ates. 

aAuth( 

)rized. 

(18) 


Tabie  XIV. 

COST  OF  SOME  OF  THE  CAPITAL  SHIPS  EECENTLY  COMPLETED. 


Name. 


Superb 

Neptune 

Hercules 

Orion 

Monarch . 

Lion 

Nassau 

Helgoland 

Von  der  Tann . 

Moltke 

Satauma 

Aki 

Danton 

Voltaire 

Minas  Geraes . . 

Michigan 

South  Carolina 

Delaware 

North  Dakota. 


Type. 


B.S... 
B.S... 
B.S... 
B.S... 
B.S... 
B.C. 
B.S... 
B.S... 
B.C.. 
B.C.. 
B.S... 
B.S... 
B.S... 
B.S... 
B.S... 
B.S... 
B.S... 
B.S... 
B.S... 


Nation. 


England . 
do.. 


.do. 


do... 

do... 

do... 

Germany , 
do... 


.do. 
.do. 


do. 

France. 
do. 


Brazil 

United  States. 
do 


.do. 
.do. 


Displace- 
ment. 


18,  600 
19,900 
20, 000 
22,  500 
22, 500 
26, 350 

18,  602 
22,440 
19,000 
22,  637 

19,  350 
19, 800 
18, 030 
18, 030 
19,  250 
16,000 
16,000 
20,000 
20, 000 


Year 
com- 
pleted. 


1909 
1911 
1911 
1912 
1912 
1912 
1909^ 
1911 
1910 
1911 
1910 
1911 
1911 
1911 
1910 
1910 
1910 
1910 
1910 


Total  cost. 


$8, 158,  828 

8,411,497 

8, 087,  690 

9,  337,  709 

9, 182,  657 

10,065,562 

1  8,  748, 880 

1 11, 209,  800 

1  8,  726,  508 
1 10, 491, 040 

2  9, 262,  800 
2  8,  764,  800 

9,  641,  707 
10, 520, 000 
8,  863, 843 
6, 805,  924 
6,  683, 485 
8, 034,  994 
8, 472, 150 


1  Amount  appropriated. 


I  Approximately. 


(19) 


20 
Table  XV. 

Am  CRAFT. 

[Apr.  7,  1913.] 


Mili- 
tary 
dirigi- 
bles. 

Private 
dirigi- 
bles 
(esti- 
mated). 

Military 
aeroplanes 
(includes 
monoplanes, 
biplanes, 
hydro- 
aeroplanes). 

Private 
aero- 
planes 
(esti- 
mated). 

Avia- 
tion 
fields. 

Pilots 
(mili- 
tary and 
civil- 
ian). 

Manu- 
fac- 
turers, 

Army. 

Navy. 

Austria: 

On  hand 

5 
3 

3 

4 

13 

7 

17 
5 

8 
2 

2 
1 

9 
10 

0) 

2 


40 

6 

35 

Ordered .... 

3 

60 

5 

England: 

On  hand 

3 
5 

101 

47 

4^ 

'40 
20 

)0 

154 
1,000 

Ordered .... 
France: 

On  hand 

31 

382 

21 

Ordered .... 

39 

1,200 

20 

Germany: 

On  hand 

10 

152 

200 

Ordered 

36 

320 

15 

Italy: 

On  hand 

0 
0 

100 
30 

20 

100 
5 

Ordered 

Japan: 

On  hand 

14 

200 

Ordered 

3 

20 

Russia: 

On  hand 

0 
0 

250 

150 
1,000 

Ordered 

United  States: 
On  hand 

20 
3 

0 

*5 
1 

8 

118 

Ordered .... 

13 

320 

6 

1  One  dirigible,  which  is  practically  useless,  is  on  hand. 

The  number  of  pilots  can  be  given  only  approximately.  There 
are  a  great  many  more  under  instruction  who  have  not  received  their 
certificates  as  pilots. 

A  large  number  of  the  private  aeroplanes  are  experimental  machines. 

On  account  of  the  great  number  of  experimental  aeroplanes  con- 
structed, it  is  impossible  to  state  the  number  of  actual  manufacturers 
definitely. 


FOREIGN  SHIPBUILDING  PROGRAMS. 

GREAT   BRITAIN. 

The  total  naval  estimates  for  1912-13  amount  to  $228,430,064,  as 
compared  with  $216,036,101  for  the  preceding  year,  while  for  1910-11 
the  amount  was  $197,597,906.  The  total  estimate  includes  a  supple- 
mentary estimate  of  $4,817,835,  and  an  increase  of  the  enlisted  per- 
sonnel by  1,500  men. 

The  actual  standard  of  new  construction  which  the  admiralty  has 
:n  fact  followed  during  recent  years  has  been  to  develop  a  60  per  cent 
superiority  in  vessels  of  the  DreadnougTit  type  over  the  German  navy 
on  the  basis  of  an  existing  fleet  law. 

The  shipbuilding  program  authorized  for  1912-13  provides  for  the 
following  new  construction:  Four  large  armored  ships,  8  lightly 
armored  ships,  20  destroyers,  a  group  of  submarines,  1  coast-guard 
cruiser,  4  oil-tank  steamers,  1  water-tank  vessel,  and  2  tugs. 

During  the  year  there  were  completed  the  battleships  Conqueror 
and  Thunderer,  each  of  22,500  tons  displacement;  the  Centurion  and 
King  George  V,  of  24,000  tons;  as  well  as  the  battle  cruiser  Princess 
Royal,  of  26,350  tons,  a  sister  ship  of  the  Lion;  and  the  New  Zealand, 
of  18,800  tons. 

Of  four  battleships  authorized  in  1910  two  have  been  completed, 
and  of  those  of  the  1911  program  the  Iron  Duke  and  MarlhorougJi 
were  launched  this  fall.  These  ships  are  of  about  26,400  tons  dis- 
placement. The  four  battleships  of  the  1912  program  are,  according 
to  press  reports,  to  be  armed  with  eight  15-inch  guns,  to  displace 
27,500  tons,  and  have  a  designed  speed  of  25  knots.  Two  of  these 
ships  were  laid  down  in  October,  while  the  contracts  for  the  other 
two  were  awarded  in  November.  The  battle  cruiser  Tiger,  author- 
ized in  1911,  has  been  laid  down,  and  will  displace  approximately 
28,000  tons.  All  capital  ships  now  building,  excepting  those  of  this 
year's  program,  will  be  armed  with  13.5-inch  guns. 

The  contracts  for  the  eight  lightly  armored  cruisers  were  awarded 
during  October.  These  ships,  according  to  the  First  Lord  of  the 
Admiralty,  are  to  be  '^the  smallest,  cheapest,  and  fastest  vessels, 
protected  by  vertical  armor,  ever  projected  for  the  British  navy." 

The  contracts  for  the  20  new  destroyers  have  been  awarded.  It  is 
believed  that  these  vessels  will  have  a  displacement  of  1,000  tons. 

Of  the  submarines  authorized,  neither  the  number  nor  the  size  has 
been  officially  announced. 

(21) 


22 

GERMANY. 

The  total  naval  estimate  for  1912-13  amounts  to  $110,715,043,  as 
compared  with  $107,232,000  for  1911-12. 

The  fleet  law  has  been  amended  so  as  to  provide  by  1920  a  fleet  to 
comprise  41  battleships,  20  large  cruisers,  and  40  small  cruisers,  an 
increase  of  3  battleships  and  2  small  cruisers.  It  is  proposed  to  build 
6  submarines  yearly,  and  by  allowing  a  life  of  12  years  to  maintain  an 
establishment  of  72  boats.  The  amendment  further  provides  for  the 
maintenance  in  full  commission  of  about  four-fifths  of  the  fleet. 

The  naval  appropriation  bill  for  1912-13  authorized  the  following 
new  construction:  One  battleship,  1  battle  cruiser,  2  small  cruisers,  12 
destroyers,  6  sul«^marines,  and  1  submarine  salvage  ship.  As  usual, 
there  is  an  increase  in  the  personnel  to  meet  the  increased  needs  of  the 
service.  Provision  is  made  for  282  additional  officers  and  5,454 
enlisted  men. 

During  the  year  there  were  completed  the  battleships  Oldenburg  of 
22,435  tons,  the  Kaiser  and  Friedrich  der  Grosse  of  24,110  tons  dis- 
placement. The  battle  cruiser  Goeben  has  been  completed;  she  has  a 
displacement  of  22,632  tons,  mounts  ten  11-inch  guns,  and  on  trials 
attained  a  speed  of  28.6  knots. 

FRANCE. 

The  total  naval  appropriation  for  1912  amounts  to  $81,692,832,  as 
compared  with  $80,371,109  appropriated  for  1911. 

The  shipbuilding  program  authorized  for  1912  provides  for  the 
following  new  construction:  Three  battleships,  9  submarines,  and  1 
transport.  The  original  program  authorized  two  battleships,  but  a 
third  was  provided  for  to  replace  the  Liberie. 

There  has  been  no  addition  of  capital  ships  to  the  fleet  during  the 
year,  but  increased  activity  has  become  manifest  in  all  shipyards, 
and  work  on  the  new  construction  is  progressing  rapidly.  Nine 
destroyers  and  several  submarines  have,  however,  been  completed 
during  the  year. 

The  battleships  of  the  1912  program  will  mount  ten  13.4-inch 
guns  in  center-line  turrets.  A  four-gun  turret  is  under  consideration 
for  future  ships, 

JAPAN. 

The  total  naval  estimate  for  the  year  1912-13  amounts  to  $46,- 
158,216,  an  increase  of  $2,926,971  over  the  estimates  for  1911-12. 
The  unexpended  balance  of  the  existing  appropriation,  '^  Expenses 
for  maintaining  naval  preparation,"  amounts  to  $123,839,443,  to  be 
expended  in  six  years,  up  to  and  including  1916-17.  The  allot- 
ment for  maintenance  and  construction  for  1912-13  amounts  to 
$24,144,446,  as  against  $21,768,673  for  the  year  1911-12. 


.■-^ 


23 

During  the  year  the  following  ships  have  been  completed:  The 
battleships  Settsu  and  KawacJii,  both  of  20,800  tons,  armed  with 
twelve  12-inch  guns;  and  three  4,950-ton  cruisers,  the  Yahagi, 
Hirado,  and  Ghilcuma;  two  600-ton  destroyers  and  one  submarine. 

The  battleship  Fuso,  authorized  in  1911,  has  been  laid  down.  She 
is  to  have  a  displacement  of  approximately  30,000  tons  and  mount 
14-inch  guns.  Three  battle  cruisers  of  the  1911  program  have  been 
laid  down  in  Japan.  They  are  of  the  Kongo  class,  27,500  tons  dis- 
placement, armed  with  14-inch  guns,  and  a  designed  speed  of  29 
knots. 

RUSSIA. 

The  naval  estimates  for  1912,  ordinary  and  extraordinary  expen- 
ditures, amount  to  $84,630,780.  This  is  an  increase  over  the  budget 
as  voted  last  year  of  $28,061,933. 

The  naval  program  as  prepared  under  the  direction  of  the  minister 
of  marine  and  authorized  by  the  Duma  includes  the  following  items: 
(1)  For  new  construction,  fitting  out  and  enlargement  of  ports,  etc., 
$221,450,000.     (2)  For  completion   of   ships   building   and   current       ^^ 
expenses,  $403,245,000.     Item  (1)  constitutes  the  smaU  shipbuilding    o^    v^ji" 
program  which  is  to  be  executed  in  five  years.  ^ 

The  new  construction  includes  4  battle  cruisers,  4  protected 
cruisers,  36  destroyers,  and  12  submarines  for  the  Baltic,  4  protected 
cruisers  for  the  Black  Sea,  2  protected  cruisers  and  6  submarines  for 
the  Pacific.  It  was  decided  that  the  annual  installments  should  be 
asked  for  as  separate  yearly  credits. 

The  only  addition  to  the  fleet  during  the  year  has  been  the  Novik, 
a  destroyer  of  1,260  tons  displacement,  with  a  speed  of  36  knots. 
There  are  under  construction,  however,  7  battleships  of  23,000  tons, 
4  battle  cruisers  of  28,000  tons,  9  destroyers,  and  6  submarines. 

ITALY. 

The  naval  appropriation  for  1912-13  amounts  to  $41,893,420.  Of 
this  amount  $21,722,536  is  for  the  maintenance  of  existing  vessels 
and  for  new  construction  now  in  hand  or  to  be  commenced. 

The  naval  appropriation  law  does  not  specify  the  number  or  type 
of  ships  to  be  laid  down,  this  being  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  navy 
department,  but  the  following  new  construction  has  been  decided 
upon:  Two  battleships,  6  destroyers,  6  torpedo  boats,  and  6 
submarines. 

During  the  year  there  were  completed  the  battleship  Bante  Ali- 
gliieri,  of  18,600  tons  displacement,  mounting  twelve  12-inch  guns  in 
four  center-fine  turrets,  1  scout  cruiser  of  3,220  tons,  besides  several 
torpedo  craft  and  submarines. 

There  are  under  construction,  besides  the  2  battleships  provided 
for  this  year,  5  battleships,  2  scout  cruisers,  and  several  torpedo 
craft  and  submarines. 


24 


AUSTRIA.       . 

The  total  naval  estimates  for  1912  amount  to  $28,167,714.  Refer- 
ring to  the  program  adopted  by  the  Austro-Hungarian  delegations 
in  the  autumn  of  1910,  which  authorized  an  expenditure  of  $63,417,200 
for  shipbuilding  in  six  installments  during  the  years  1911  to  1916, 
inclusive,  the  amount  apportioned  for  this  year  for  new  construction 
is  $13,601,000,  which  is  to  be  expended  on  the  ships  now  building. 
The  amount  apportioned  for  1912  ($13,601,000)  was  increased  by 
the  granting  of  an  extraordinary  credit  of  $8,120,000  on  October  14, 
1912,  by  the  delegations.  The  total  amount  appropriated  for  the 
navy  for  the  year  1912  is,  therefore,  $36,287,714.  The  only  new 
construction  provided  for  this  year  is  one  mining  vessel  of  1,000  tons 
displacement. 

During  the  year  the  battleship  Viribus  Unitus,' of  20,010  tons  dis- 
placement, mounting  twelve  12-inch  guns  in  four  center-line  turrets, 
has  been  added  to  the  fleet.  Three  battleships,  3  small  cruisers,  6 
destroyers,  12  torpedo  boats,  and  7  submarines  are  under  construction. 

SPAIN. 

Spain,  in  1908,  provided  a  program  for  the  upbuilding  of  her  navy, 
as  follows : 

Tons  each. 
3  battleships  of  about 15,  000 

3  torpedo-boat  destroyers 350 

24  torpedo  boats 180 

4  gunboats  of  about 1,  000 

ARGENTINA. 

Argentina  has  provided  for  a  program  of  2  large  battleships  and 
12  destroyers  and  authorized  increasing  the  program,  if  required,  to 
3  large  battleships  and  16  destroyers. 

BRAZIL. 

In  December,  1904,  Brazil  provided  for  a  shipbuilding  program, 
which  has  since  been  modified  (put  into  execution  in  1907),  and  now 
includes : 

3  battleships. 

2  scout  cruisers. 

10  torpedo-boat  destroyers. 

All  of  the  above  vessels  except  one  battleship  have  been  completed 
and  dehvered  to  Brazil.  The  third  battleship  is  now  under  con- 
struction in  England. 


PROGRAMS  FOR  1913-14. 

The  programs  for  1913-14,  so  far  as  they  have  been  determined  or 
published,  are  as  follows : 

GEE  AT   BEITAIN. 

The  total  naval  estimates  for  1913-14  amount  to  $235,213,489 
as  compared  with  $228,430,065  for  the  year  1912-13  (including  the 
supplementary  estimate).  The  principal  increases  occur  under  the 
heads  of  Pay  of  Personnel,  Victualing  and  Clothing,  and  Naval 
Armaments.  The  increase  in  personnel  is  due  to  the  requirements  of 
new  ships  being  placed  m  commission  and  under  construction.  The 
total  number  of  officers  and  men  will  reach  146,000.  The  total  cost 
of  new  construction  is  $77,662,162. 

The  estimates  provide  for  the  laying  down  during  the  year  of  5 
capital  ships,  8  light  cruisers,  16  destroyers,  and  a  group  of  subma- 
rines. An  additional  battleship,  the  gift  of  the  Federated  Malay 
States,  has  been  contracted  for.  The  Canadian  Government  has 
under  consideration  a  bill  which  provides  for  a  grant  of  £7,000,000  to 
the  Crown,  for  the  construction  of  three  first-class  ships. 

GERMANY. 

The  total  naval  estimates  for  1913-14  submitted  to  the  Reichstag 
in  the  latter  part  of  November,  1912,  amount  to  $111,288,618.  The 
ordinary  recurring  expenditure  is  $46,935,805;  the  nonrecurring  ordi- 
nary expenditure  is  $52,179,113;  the  extraordinary  expenditure  is 
$12,173,700;  this  is  an  increase  over  last  year's  (1912-13)  final 
estimates  (the  ordinary  estimates  and  the  supplementary  estimates 
being  taken  together)  of  $573,574. 

Increase  of  personnel  is  provided  as  follows:  Two  hundred  and 
twenty- three  additional  officers,  6,125  enlisted  men.  The  total 
strength  of  the  personnel  of  the  Navy  will  in  1913  be  3,394  officers 
and  69,495  men. 

The  provisions  for  new  ships  are  according  to  the  program  laid 
down  in  the  fleet  law,  and  provide  for  the  construction  of  2  battle- 
ships, 1  battle  cruiser,  2  small  cruisers,  1  gunboat,  1  torpedo-boat 
flotilla  (12  boats),  and  $4,760,000  for  submarine  construction  and 
experiment.  The  construction  of  a  new  imperial  yacht  was  also 
appropriated  for. 

FRANCE. 

The  naval  estimates  for  1913-14  submitted  to  the  Chamber  of 
Deputies  carries  a  total  appropriation  of  $89,028,626.  Of  this 
amount  $22,946,738  is  for  new  construction  and  provides  for  the 
laying  down  of  2  battleships,  3  destroyers,  3  submarines,  and  1  river 
gunboat.     It  also  includes  the  first  instalments  for  the  two  battle- 

(25) 


26 

ships  provided  in  the  fleet  law  for  1914.  Those  two  ships  were  to 
have  been  begun  January  1,  1914,  but  recent  advices  indicate  that 
they  wlQ  be  laid  down  in  October,  1913. 

A  further  increase  in  the  present  shipbuilding  program  is  under 
discussion. 

RUSSIA. 

The  naval  estimates  for  1913-14  amount  to  $118,643,820.  This 
is  an  increase  over  the  revised  estimates  of  1912-13  of  $36,624,187. 
This  increase  is  in  accordance  with  the  shipbuilding  program  of 
June  23,  1912,  known  as  the  Small  Shipbuilding  Program,  which 
provides  for  4  battle  cruisers,  8  cruisers,  36  destroyers,  and  12  sub- 
marines, and  the  previous  arrangements  for  ships  to  be  built  for  the 
Black  Sea  and  the  Baltic.  The  principal  items  of  this  increase  are 
as  follows:  New  construction  of  ships,  $16,878,390;  armament, 
$8,810,722;  naval  ports,  $8,104,558. 

JAPAN. 

The  Ashai  states  that  a  scheme  drawn  up  by  Admiral  Takarabe 
for  the  expansion  of  the  Navy  estimates,  based  on  an  imaginary 
enemy,  disposing  of  21  battleships,  has  been  accepted.  It  provides 
at  present  for  the  construction  of  3  Dreadnoughts  of  ^the  most  powerful 
type  and  for  the  eventual  carrying  out  of  a  scheme  of  [8  Dreadnoughts, 
4  battle  cruisers,  8  scouts,  and  40  destroyers,  at  a  cost  of  £36,500,000. 
It  was  originally  proposed  to  build  8  Dreadnoughts,  8  battle  cruisers, 
16  scouts,  48  destroyers,  costing  £54,000,000,  but  this  scheme  was 
cut  down  to  meet  financial  exigencies. 

ITALY. 

The  total  naval  appropriation  for  1913-14  amounts  to  $49,550,147. 
This  is  an  increase  of  $7,691,116  over  the  appropriation  for  the 
preceding  year. 

The  enlisted  strength  is  increased  by  2,000  men,  namely,  from 
33,000  to  35,000. 

AUSTRIA. 

The  naval  estimates  for  1913  amount  to  $28,959,168.  Of  this 
amount  $13,885,200  constitutes  the  extraordinary  credit  for  new 
construction  allotted  for  the  year  1913,  and  $15,073,968,  the  ordinary 
expenditure.  Under  these  two  heads  the  total  amount  available  for 
new  construction  is  $15,976,100.  The  personnel  is  hereby  increased 
as  follows:  1  rear  admiral,  3  captains,  5  commanders,  31  lieutenants, 
12  midshipmen,  5  medical  officers,  27  engineers,  6  paymasters,  and 
1,500  petty  officers  and  men.  The  strength  will  be  increased  from 
14,000  to  21,000  men  in  1916. 

The  naval  estimates  for  1914,  submitted  to  the  Austrian  Delega- 
tions in  March,  1913,  carries  the  first  installments  for  the  construc- 
tion of  three  Dreadnoughts  to  replace  the  ships  of  the  Mon  irch  class. 


CONTINirOTTS  SHIPBXniDING  PEOGRAMS. 

GERMANY. 


Year. 

Battle- 
ships. 

Armored 
cruisers. 

Small 
cruisers. 

1908 

3 
3 
3 
3 

^2 

1 
1 
1 

12 

1 

2 

1909 

2 

1910 

2 

1911 

2 

1912                               .... 

2 

1913 

2 

1914 

2 

1915 

2 

1916 

2 

1917 

22 

1  Includes  one  additional  ship  under  the  amendment; 

« Includes  one  additional  ship  outstanding  from  the  fleet  law. 

The  fleet  law  amended  June  9,  1912,  now  provides  for  an  estab- 
lishment, in  1920,  of  41  battleships,  20  large  cruisers,  and  40  small 
cruisers,  all  less  than  20  years  old,  and  144  torpedo  craft  and  72 
submaruies,  less  than  12  years  old.  The  last  amendment  carried  an 
increase  of  3  battleships  and  2  small  cruisers,  and  further  provides 
that  about  four-fifths  of  the  fleet  shall  be  kept  in  full  commission. 

GREAT   BRITAIN. 

Great  Britain  has  no  fixed  program,  but  her  policy  now  is  to 
develop  a  supremacy  of  60  per  cent  in  vessels  of  the  Dreadnought 
type  over  the  German  Navy  on  the  basis  of  an  existing  fleet  law. 

(27) 


28 

FRANCE. 


On  March  30,  1912,  the  French  Government  adopted  a  ship  build- 
ing program  which  provides  for  the  completion  by  1920  of  13  battle- 
ships and  6  scout  cruisers.  This  new  construction  is  to  be  laid  down 
as  follows: 


Year. 

Battle- 
ships. 

Scout 
cruisers. 

Year. 

Battle- 
ships. 

Scout 
cruisers. 

1912 

3 
2 
2 
4 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1916 

0 
2 
0 
0 

0 

1913 

1917 

2 

1914 

1918 

2 

1915 

1919 

2 

RUSSIA. 

The  naval  program  as  prepared  under  the  direction  of  the  Minister 
of  Marine  and  authorized  by  the  Duma  includes  the  following  items : 
(1)  For  new  construction,  fitting  out  and  enlargement  of  ports,  etc., 
$221,450,000.  (2)  For  completion  of  ships  building  and  current 
expenses,  $403,245,000.  Item  (1)  constitutes  the  small  shipbuilding 
program  which  is  to  be  executed  in  Rye  years. 

The  new  construction  includes  four  battle  cruisers,  four  protected 
cruisers,  thirty-six  destroyers,  and  twelve  submarines  for  the  Baltic, 
two  protected  cruisers  for  the  Black  Sea,  two  protected  cruisers  and 
six  submarines  for  the  Pacific.  The  amount  available  for  1912-13 
is  $103,515,000.  It  was  decided  that  the  annual  installments  should 
be  asked  for  as  separate  yearly  credits. 

ITALY. 

Italy  has  a  shipbuilding  program  extending  to  the  year  1917-18. 
A  certain  sum  is  allowed  each  year  for  new  constructions  and  the 
maintenance  of  the  fleet.  The  number  and  type  of  ships  to  be  laid 
down  each  year  is  determined  by  the  Minister  of  Marine,  therefore 
it  is  not  possible  to  know  what  vessels  are  to  be  built  until  the  navy 
department  has  made  its  decision. 

AUSTRIA. 

The  present  shipbuilding  program  expires  in  1915  with  the  com- 
pletion of  the  four  battleships  authorized  in  1911.  An  additional 
program  is  under  consideration. 

No  other  countries  have  continuous  shipbuilding  programs. 


BEFERENCE  BOOKS. 

PROBABLY   MAY   BE    FOUND   IN   A   PUBLIC   LIBRARY. 

Navy  Yearbook  (Pulsifer). — Giving  annual  appropriations  and 
various  acts  relating  to  the  Navy,  beginniag  1883;  alphabetical  list 
of  all  United  States  vessels,  with  data  on  same;  list  of  vessels  of  the 
principal  navies  of  the  world,  etc.  Printed  as  a  congressional 
document. 

Fighting  ships  (Jane). — Giving  a  detail  description  of  all  fighting 
ships  and  showing  silhouettes,  plans,  and  elevations  of  ships,  descrip- 
tion of  uniforms,  lists  of  naval  bases,  etc. 

The  Naval  PocTcetboolc  (Clowes) . — Giving  detail  description  of  indi- 
vidual ships,  lists,  and  numbers,  data  concerning  guns,  etc. 

The  Naval  Annual  (edited  by  Viscount  Hythe) . — Giving  a  series  of 
essays  on  the  navies  of  the  world,  lists,  and  numbers,  and  plan  and 
elevation  of  principal  ships. 

For  recommendations  to  Congress  and  reports  of  the  various 
bureaus,  see  annual  reports  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

The  tables  of  ^'Warship  tonnage"  and  ^'Sea  strength"  (Tables 
I  to  V,  ante)  of  the  principal  naval  powers  are  published  annually 
by  the  Office  of  Naval  Intelligence. 

(29) 

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General  Libraty    . 
University  of  Calif  orma 
Berkeley 


